国际货币基金组织贷款政策争议评析

On the Disputation of IMF Funding Policy

上世纪80年代,国际货币基金组织(IMF)对发展中国家和转型经济国家基本上执行新自由主义的“华盛顿共识”政策,在贷款政策中强调经济及市场自由化,并推行新古典主义的紧缩财政金融政策。这些政策在实施中,不分国情、不分时间地点以一贯之,因此不但成效不佳,反而给发展中国家增加了困难,因此,招致不少批评。其中以斯蒂格利茨(Stiglitz)为代表的后凯恩斯主义者的批评最为引人注目。这些批评要求IMF的贷款政策进行改革。本文简要评析两派的争论,并对IMF的贷款政策改革方案进行探讨。

Since 1980＇s, IMF （international monetary fund） has basically implemented the neoliberal “Washington consensus”policy for developing countries. It stressed market liberation and contracting fiscal and monetary policy endorsed by new classical economics in funding term. This policy has been conducted without taking into consideration the distinct economic conditions and situation of different countries, and mostly rescued to no or little avail, meanwhile this policy aroused severe criticism from various oppugners, particularly from the Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz. Stiglitz stressed market failure and the role of state position policy and proposed stimulating measures for economic recovery in time of crisis by expanding aggregate demand. At the same time various reform measures have been proposed for IMF funding policy. This article intends to make a brief review of these proposals.