新疆土壤盐渍化成因及其防治对策研究

STUDY ON SOIL SALINIZATION AND COUNTERMEASURES OF ITS PREVENTION IN XINJIANG

论述了新疆土壤盐渍化形成的地质、地貌、土壤质地和人为灌溉方式不合理等原因,说明土壤盐渍化是一种自然现象。通过调查,目前新疆盐渍化土壤主要有稳定脱盐型、脱盐聚盐混合型、脱盐聚盐反复型、持续聚盐型和灌溉聚盐型,其中脱盐聚盐混合型和脱盐聚盐反复型分布最为广泛,稳定脱盐型仅分布于竖井排灌区。总结了新疆土壤盐渍化的治理研究过程及国内外防治土壤盐渍化的措施,提出了竖井排灌工程是防治新疆土壤盐渍化最有效的措施。通过工程实例,证明了竖井排灌具有降低地下水位和灌溉作用,且经济效益明显。

This paper deals with the geology, land forms, soil texture and man-made unreasonable irrigation conditions caused by soil salinization in Xinjiang, expounds soil salinization as a natural phenomenon. Through investigations, Xinjiang＇s salinized soil includes stabi- lization desalting soil, desalting and salting soils that are mixed, desalting or salting soil that alternatively occurs, last salting soil, irrigation salting soil, of which desalting and salting soils that are mixed are predominated in Xiugjiang, stabilization desalting soil only exists in the area of shaft irrigation and drainage. This paper summarizes the study process of Xinjiang＇s soil salinlzation, expounds simply the measures on preventing soil salinization at home or abroad, and puts forward that the shaft irrigation and drainage is the most effective measure on preventing Xinjiang＇ s soil salinization. It has been proved by engineering cases that the shaft irrigation and drainage is not only capable of lowering the water table and effective for irrigation, but also takes good benefits. And finally it is proposed that Xinjiang＇s soil salinization should be prevented by means of shaft irrigation and drainage combined with perfect irrigation system and perfect drainage system.