清末民初广州的行会工会化

The Transformation from Guild into Trade Union in Guangzhou at the End of the Qing Dynasty and the Early Years of the Republic

“工商合行”是广州传统行会组织结构的主要特色。然而,随着清末民初资本主义生产关系的发展,尤其“劳工神圣”西潮的浸润与激荡及革命政权扶助劳工政策的实施,使得“工商合行”的行会模式开始了以“工商分离”为主题特征的行会工会化的艰难蜕变。不过,这种由行会孕育出来的工会组织的肌体上不可避免地附着“工商合行”的深深烙印,这在一定程度上削弱并阻碍了国民革命时期中国共产党对广州工人的政治与阶级动员。从阶级斗争与“工商合行”两种理念交锋而导致行会工会化“曲折与艰辛”的事实中,可以窥视到传统行会近代转型“变”与“不变”的新旧交合的复杂面相。

“Labor and merchants living in one guild” was the main characteristic of the traditional guild system in Guangzhou. However, with the development of capitalist production relations, especially with the influence of the thought of “sacred labor” and the policy of fostering labor being put into effect by revolutionary regimes, this traditional guild mode began to transform difficultly into trade union with the theme feature of “the separation of labor and merchants”. But the trade unions which breed from guilds were inevitably stamped with the brand of “labor and merchants living in one guild” deeply, to a certain extent which weakened and hindered the CCP from mobilizing labor in Guangzbou during the period of National Revolution. From the complicated truth caused by the conflict of the two theories “class struggle” and “labor and merchants living in one guild” in the process of the transformation from guild into trade union, we can see the complex features with change and constancy, new and old gluilding together.