西南岩溶地区的主要生态环境问题及其防治对策

Primary Eco-environment Problems and Their Countermeasures in Karst Region of Southwest China

在介绍西南岩溶地区生态环境基本特征的基础上,分析了该地区的主要生态环境问题,并提出了相应的防治对策。认为西南岩溶地区的主要生态环境问题是以石漠化为特征的土地退化,其日益蔓延的主要原因是人类不合理的土地利用,而导致这一结果的根源则是贫困。如何进行植被的恢复重建和实现水土资源的协调利用,是西南岩溶地区环境治理和消除贫困的关键。在部分水土资源短缺、旱涝灾害频繁、环境极度退化的岩溶地区,环境移民是实现生态重建的一条有效途径。

Based on the introduction of the essential characteristics of t in Karst Region of Southwest China, the primary eco-environment problems are analyzed and their countermeasures are put forward. ,The dominating coo-environment problems in Karst Region of Southwest China are land degradation as well as rocky desertification, which has a close relationship with water scarcity, soil shortage and low vegetation cover ratio, and is the functionary results of natural environment and economic-social conditions. However, during the late modem times its gradual spread results mainly from human unreasonable land use, and its root is poverty. As a result, how to rehabilitate vegetation and use soil and water resources harmoniously is the key to control environment and eliminate poverty in Karst Region of Southwest China. In some karst areas with the shortage of soil and water resources, the frequent occurrence of drought and water logging disasters, and the extreme degradation of environment, environmental emigration is an effective approach to reconstruct local coo-environment.