黄土高原小流域水力侵蚀模拟试验设计与验证

Simulation experiment design and verification of controlling water erosion on small watershed of loess plateau

针对目前黄土高原小流域室内物理模拟试验结论不能很好地定量推广到野外实际流域开发工作中去的问题,该文基于降雨、径流及入渗的水动力学原理,利用相似论较完整地给出了一套可对黄土高原小流域降雨径流进行模拟试验研究的一种设计方法和模拟试验技术。验证结果表明,在正态条件下,满足几何相似、降雨相似、水力侵蚀产沙、输沙相似及床面变形相似等条件下所建造的黄土高原延安燕沟康家圪崂小流域模型,采用几何比尺为100时,其降雨、汇流、产沙、输沙是基本符合实际情况的,可以作为该流域治理水土流失、优化治理方案,寻求水土资源高效利用措施的工具。

In order to conduct similarity experiment to utilize efficiently the results on small watershed oi the loess plateau in China, a design means and experimentation technology and its verification test were carried out based on similarity theory and hydrodynamic principles of rainfall, runoff and infiltration. The experiment conditions were that normal and scale 100 is the model complying with the similarities of geometric, rainfall, flow, erosion production sediment transport and bed deformation etc. The verifying experiment results indicated that the movements of rainfall, flow, production sediment and bed deformation agreed with the practical situation in Kangjiagou small watershed of the loess plateau of China. It can be used to control soil erosion, schedule farm operations and utilize water and soil resource effectively.