当代中国的城市化与教育发展

Urbanization and Education Development in Transitional Stage of China

城市化是中国社会经济发展的重要战略。从人口的量和质两个方面来看,城市化是一个人口乡城变迁和人力资本提升的过程,在这个过程中,教育作为人口变化的核心因素,自然深受影响。大规模的城市人口增长,城市产业的集聚和升级,引发了教育规模的不断扩大,也产生了诸如转移人口培训、二代移民的义务教育和社会认同、技能工人短缺造成的“民工荒”等实际问题,这些对我国当前的教育制度、教育结构和教育资源配置方式等产生了很大影响,也引起了相应的制度变革,尤其是市场机制在教育领域的引入,成为解决这些问题的一个重要思路。

Urbanization from the perspective of demography is a process of migration from countryside to cities and that of human capital upgrading. Since China is now in its industrialization and in its transition from planned economy to market economy, so it is unavoidable in urbanization. This paper demonstrates that the urbanization would bring about effects upon the education development, such as educational scale, institution, structure, resources allocation, as well as the problem of second generation migration.