受动性与马克思早期的人学思想

Suffering and Marx's Early Ideas on Humanism

“受动性”是马克思早期人学思想中的一个重要概念。马克思对这一概念的理解既继承了费尔巴哈的思想,同时又对其进行了实践论的改造。在马克思那里,受动性至少包含这样三层意思:有意识的受动性;实践的受动性;社会化的受动性,把受动性理解为受制约性是不符合马克思的原意的。通过对受动性概念的改造和阐发,马克思既克服了费尔巴哈的抽象人本主义,同时也扬弃了黑格尔的理性辩证法。他从人的感性活动出发,将受动性与能动性辨证地统一起来,重新确立了人的现实性。

＂Suffering＂ is one of Marx＇s early concepts of humanism. Although it derived from Feuerbach, Marx revised it according to his practice theory. Marx＇s version of ＂suffering＂ contains at least three meanings, 1. conscious suffering; 2. realized suffering; 3. sociological suffering. It doesn＇t conform to Marx＇s own original meaning to regard the meaning of suffering as passivity. Marx＇s interpretation of suffering is a further improvement based on the thoughts of Feuerbach and Hegel. On the basic of practice, Marx reestablished the reality of humanity.