羌语的名量词

Noun Classifiers in Qiang Language

本文对羌语名量词的语义、形态和语用进行多层面的分析和描写。羌语名量词主要做名词的修饰成分,一般出现在名词后面。在特定的语言环境中,名量词可以做名词短语的中心词或句子的核心论元可以作为话题和焦点,有回指或有指功能。

In this paper, we discuss semantic characteristics, morphological features, syntactic functions and pragmatic functions of sortal classifiers and measure words in Qiang in terms of functional-typology, semantics, prototype theory, morphology, syntax and pragmatics. Semantically, sortal classifiers is different from measure words, however, both of them show the same syntactic functions and pragmatic functions. From prototype perspective, we find that nouns categorize classifiers based on animacy, shape, size and function, which are also verified by cross-linguistic studies. In syntax, sortal classifiers and measure words usually function as modifiers of NP. In recoverable contexts, they may be used as a head of a NP or a core argument of a clause as well. Pragmatically, sortal classifiers and measure words can be used as topic, focus, referential and anaphora.