“M-Ф+-Ф”的运用

本文以英语动词存在一个用"M(-φ)+-φ"作标记式的情态语法范畴的观点为基础,从三方面论述了情态动词为现在时态的情态标记式的运用.首先,提供了一个表示标记式各种可能性语义的语义关系综合图表,接着,分级、分相地例释了"M(-φ)+-φ"的主要用法,最后简要地总结了情态标记式中的情态助动词与否定范围的关系.

Based on the idea that there is a grammatical category of modality of the English verb with“M ＋ - Φ”as its marked form, this article deals with the use of “M（-Φ）＋-Φ”（ M（-Φ）” stands for the present tense of a modal auxiliary）in three aspects. First, an overall diagram is made to show the semantic relation of various kinds of likelihood expressed by the marked form with the modal auxiliary in the present tense. Second, the main uses of“M（-Φ）＋-Φ”are instantiated in terms of grade and phase. Final- ly, a brief summary is given of the relation between the M in“M ＋ - Φ”and the scope of negation.