居延汉简《吏》篇研究

A Study of the Book Officials in the Edsin-gol Slips of the Han Period

居延汉简《吏》篇对于研究秦汉吏治制度及其思想发展具有重要意义。魏启鹏先生曾对该篇作过很好的释读，但由于若干关键字未释出，因而在篇名、章节、句读、文义的理解方面均存在问题。以下我们先对该篇作一考释，然后结合秦汉吏治制度以及思想背景作一说明。

The book Officials in the Edsin-gol slips of the Han period described various types of officials of that time. “Mediocre officials”flattered their superiors. “Redundant officials” were cruel and corrupt, and feathered their nests. “Stupid officials” could not be enlightened by education and never sought for any progress. These comments well revealed the abuses of the then local officials＇ administration. The use of “daobili clerks” and its institutionalization began in the Qin period, and ideologically the Officials was rooted in the Qin book Principles of Officiation and influenced by pre-Qin thinkers. Beyond the Confucian biases, the book under discussion was an excellent work that criticized the ills of the times.