社会资本对家族企业成长的制约

Restrains of Social Capital to Family-owned-businesses＇ Grow-up

家族企业的成长受到物质资本、人力资本和社会资本三个维度的制约。其具体表现为结构型社会资本中关系网络的封闭性及稳定性所导致的两难选择和扩张中的高成本问题，以及强关系网络成员和信息的同质性对家族企业发展的制约；而认知型社会资本则制约了家族企业为适应规模扩大后的管理制度的变革和家族企业从强关系网络向弱关系网络的转化过程。旨在适应企业发展而进行的社会资本扩张．在我国却以家族化和泛家族化的扩张模式在一定程度上制约了家族企业的成长。

Family-owned-businesses＇ （FOB） grow-up is subjected to material capital, human capital and social capital. The visible shortage of material capital and human capital that restrain FOB＇s grow-up is often discussed, but its real reason lies in the fact that social capital can＇t match the growing-up enterprises. Specifically, it is expressed by the following three facts. 1. The dilemma and high expansion cost caused by the nature of relationship in structural social capital as well as the same nature of the members and information in the strong relationship restrain FOB＇s development. 2. Cognitive social capital shared in FOB prevents the management reform in order to adapt to the larger size and the change from strong relationship to weak relationship. 3. To match FOB＇s development, social capital mainly expanses by two ways： familization and general-familization. But it is none other than the expansion styles that restrain FOB＇s grow-up in some extent.