我国优秀撑竿跳高运动员高焦虑产生原因及对策的研究

Study on Reason and Countermeasure of High Anxiety of Our Elite Pole-vaulters

通过文献资料调研、调查访问、心率测试和数理统计等方法,对2002年田径大奖赛的27名优秀男、女撑竿跳高运动员进行调查研究,得出以下结论:赛前一周运动员的状态焦虑逐渐提高,并在比赛前一天达到最高值;反映焦虑的生理指标——晨脉也呈现这一趋势。运动员的焦虑主要来自主观因素(赛前的身体、技术技能训练和赛前比赛任务的目标设置)和客观因素(如赛前的场地与气候),可通过加强运动员心理素质的培养、赛前对运动员心理训练调控和为运动员减压等手段来降低运动员的高焦虑状态。

Through using the method of literature, investigation, heart rate testing and mathematical statistics,this paper made investigation on 27 elite male and female pole-vaulters participating in 2002 Grand Prix. The result showed that the pole-vaulter＇s anxiety level gradually increased one week pre-competition,and reached the highest value at competition day. The morning pulse, physiological index reflecting anxiety has the same trend. The anxiety of pole-vaulters came from subjective factors （physical condition ,technical and skill training,goal setting pre-competition） and objective factors （climate and competition ground）. By using the method of strengthening the mental fitness training and reducing the level of pressure precompetition, the high level of anxiety of pole-vaulters can be lowered down.