城市垃圾堆肥及其复合肥对黑麦草草坪质量的影响

Effects of municipal waste compost and its compound fertilizers on the turf quality of ryegrass

为加速城市生活垃圾堆肥农业资源化利用研究,避免重金属等有害物质进入食物链,利用盆栽试验,研究了垃圾堆肥及以其为原料研制而成的3种复合肥的不同施肥水平对土壤肥力,黑麦草生长及草坪质量的影响,以选取最佳的适合黑麦草生长的垃圾肥料及其施用量。共设空白、堆肥、化肥、复合肥1、复合肥2、复合肥3等6个处理,每个处理又分为高、中、低3种施肥水平,测试草坪生物指标的质量状况和土壤肥力。结果表明:与化肥比较,垃圾复合肥可以显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷的含量。垃圾复合肥明显促进了黑麦草的茎与根系的生长,提高了生物量,改善了叶片的色泽和整齐度,提高了草坪的密度和质量;促进了黑麦草对氮的吸收,尤其是生长后期,叶片中氮和叶绿素的含量明显高于化肥与空白处理,且差异显著。草坪质量综合评价以垃圾复合肥1的中量施肥处理为最好,黑麦草分蘖最高,地上生物量适度;除复合肥的高量施肥处理外,复合肥1的中量施肥处理茎叶中氮素和叶绿素含量最高,草坪品质最高。

More than a hundred million tons of municipal waste are generated every year in China. Compost is an effective approach to municipal waste disposal. Waste compost conceives such characters as follows： （1） it contains organic matters; （2） it contains a lot of nutrition elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus , potassium and so on; （3）it contains various concentrations of trace elements and synthetic organic compounds; （4） it contains heavy metal elements. How to improve waste compost quality is a hotspot of research. The occurrence of disposal and utilization of waste compost is much earlier in China than other countries. However, most domestic works focused on compost used in vegetables or crops. Waste compost used as fertilizer for lawn has been little reported in China till now. By this experiment, the waste compost and its compound fertilizers were used as lawn fertilizer for ryegrass. The purpose was to examine the effects of waste compost and its compound fertilizers on lawn grass growth and soil fertility. The pot experiment was conducted in April of 2003. It was composed of six treatments, including check, chemical fertilizer, waste compost, waste compound fertilizer 1, waste compound fertilizer 2, waste compound fertilizer 3. Each treatment had three fertilizer rates （high, middle and low）. The fertilizer rates were listed in detail as follows., check （0） waste compost high （ 191.25g/pot ）, waste compost middle （127.5g/pot） and waste compost low （ 63.75g/pot ） ; chemica fertilizer high （2.04g/pot）, chemical fertilizer middle （1.36g /pot） and chemical fertilizer low （0.68g /pot ） ; waste compound fertilizer 1 high （6.6g/pot）, waste compound fertilizer 1 middle （4.4g/pot） and waste compound fertilizer 1 low （2.2g/pot）; waste compound fertilizer 2 high （10. 8g/pot）, waste compound fertilizer 2 middle （7.2g/pot） and waste compound fertilizer 2 low （3.6g/pot）t waste compound fertilizer 3 high （13.8g/pot）, waste compound fertilizer 3 middle （9.2g/pot） and waste compound fertilizer 3 low（4.6g/pot）. Each fertilizer treatment was repeated three times. Soil and compost samples were analyzed by potassium dichromate for organic matter, KDY （9830） for total N, 7-21 spectrophotometer for total P, A A Spectrophotometer （WFX-120） for total K and heavy metals, were extracted by lmol/L NaOH for available N,respectively. Ryegrass was analyzed by KDY（9830）for total N and colorimeter for chlorophyll. The results suggested that organic matters, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and total phosphorus in the treatment soils of waste compound fertilizer 1 and waste compound fertilizer 2 were significantly higher than those in chemical fertilizer and check treatment soils. Organic mat ters increased mostly by 202 % and 177 % more than chemical fertilizer ; by 213 % and 187 % more than check. Total N increased mostly by 130% and 111% more than chemical fertilizer t by 316% and 283% more than check. Available N increased by 37.6% and 23% more than chemical fertilizer; by 106% and 86.8% more than check. Total P increased by 58% and 46% more than chemical fertilizer; by 190% and 169% more than check. With the enhancement of waste compound fertilizers, the nutrition elements were raised. Facts mentioned above proved waste compound fertilizers conceived a slow release efficiency, which could improve soil fertility. Waste compound fertilizer improved the over-ground as well as under-ground ryegrass biomass, ameliorated turf greenness and the turf uniformity, improved the turf density and quality, and accelerated the nitrogen absorption of ryegrass especially in the later growth of ryegrass. The leaf color was deep green and chlorophyll content is remarkably higher than other treatments. Considering this fact mentioned above, the middle fertilizer treatment of compound fertilizer 1 is better for ryegrass turf. It could bring the turf highest density, higher overground biomass, nitrogen and chlorophyll content. The turf quality reaches the first-class level. Waste compost and its compound fertilizers which are used for lawn growth, can not only solve waste compost outlet problems, but also promote urban lawn development.