国家主权的伦理反思

Reflections on the Ethics of Sovereignty

作为国际规范的国家主权在当代国际关系中的存在几乎没有疑义,但对于其是否是一种伦理后果及其意义却一直存在争议。国际关系三大理论传统在国家主权的伦理问题上采取了两种几乎完全对立的态度:自我保存或自我超越。原因之一在于各自所用的理论方法的不同:有的主要运用了机械建构的方法,有的主要使用了社会建构的方法。原因之二在于研究视角的不同,或者说是严重的部门研究取向。缺乏共同的国家主权伦理态度,不仅妨碍了对国际关系的正确理解,也阻碍了人类社会的发展进步,因而必须在有机结合机械建构与社会建构方法、全面综合研究部门的基础上对国家主权的伦理进行重建。

As a most certain international norm, sovereignty has been under hot debates on whether it is an ethical consequence and what is its significance. The three traditions of international theory divideon this issue into two types: ethics of self-pre-servation versusethics of self-overcoming, which are dueto their different theoretical approaches and perspectives, in other words, the Tribalism in study. The lacking of common sense of sovereignty ethics not only becomes an obstacle to the understanding of international relations, but also count-acts the development of human society in general. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstructthe ethics of sovereignty.