浅析法国的国家与社会关系

The Relations between State and Society in France

今天法国的国家与社会关系与第五共和国之初相比,已经发生了巨大变化。社会影响国家的主要途径有两种,一是公民团体参与公共政策的制定、影响公共政策的执行;二是通过超出公民团体的“爆发性”的社会运动(罢工、游行示威、暴力冲突等方式)来实现利益的表达,向国家施加压力。总体而言,今天的法国,这两种方式并存并将在长时间内共存。但是,公民团体的发展令人瞩目,并越来越成为影响国家公共政策的重要力量。此外,欧洲一体化的进程也对法国国家与社会关系的发展产生了一定的影响。

Compared with the inception of the Fifth Republic,today's state-society relations in France have changed dramatically. This paper describes the changes and present situations of state-society relations in France in the perspective of how society influences the state. Generally speaking, there are two main ways of citizens organizing themselves to express their wills, and which have coexistedand will coexist in the future, by institutionalassociations that take part in policy-making or affect policy implementation, and by extra-institutionalsocial movement, such as strikes,demonstrations and violenceconfrontations to voice themselves. And during the process, the associations become increasingly important. Besides, European integration is also an element that influencing the transformation of the relations.