穿山龙中甾体皂苷的分离鉴定

Study on separation and identification of steroidal saponins of Dioscorea nipponica Makino

目的分离、鉴定穿山龙即穿龙薯蓣(Dioscorea nipponica Makino)根茎中的甾体皂苷类化合物。方法采用溶剂提取、硅胶柱色谱及制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离,通过化学和光谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离得到4种甾体皂苷类化合物,其化学结构分别鉴定为:薯蓣皂苷(Ⅰ),纤细薯蓣皂苷(Ⅱ),26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基25(R)-22-羟基-呋甾-△^(5(6))-烯- 3β,26-二羟基-3-O-{[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)}-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ),26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基25(R)-22-羟基-呋甾-△^(5(6))-烯-3β,26-二羟基-3-O-{[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)}-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)。结论化合物Ⅲ,Ⅳ为首次从穿龙薯蓣中分离得到的呋喃甾烷型皂苷。

OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify steroidal saponins from the rhizome of Dioscorea ripponica Makino,METHODS The compounds were isolated by solvent extraction, column chromatography on silica gel and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis. RESULTS Four steroidal saponins were isolated from the rhizome of Dioscorea mpponica Maidno, and their structures were determined as dioscin （ Ⅰ ）, gracillin （ Ⅱ ）,26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（25R）-22-hydroxy-5-ene-furostane-3β, 26-diol- 3- O- { [ α - L-rhamnopyranosyl （ 1 → 2 ） ] -α - L-thamnopyranosyl （ 1 → 4 ） } -β- D- glucopyranoside （ Ⅲ ） and 26-O-β- D-glucopyranosyl- （25R）-22-hydroxy-5-ene-furostane-3β, 26-diol-3- O- { [ α- L-rhamnopyranosyl （ 1→ 2 ） ]- α- L-glucopyranosyl （ 1 → 3 ） } -β- D-glucopyranoside （ Ⅳ ）. CONCLUSION Compound Ⅲ and Ⅳ are obtained from the rhizome of Dioscorea mpponica Makino for the first time.