新疆棉花延迟型冷害的热量指数评估及意义

Assessment of Cotton Delayed Cool Injury by Heat Index and Significance in Xinjiang

【目的】为了客观定量评估新疆棉花延迟型冷害,【方法】本文设计了评估棉花生长热量满足程度的热量指数计算方法。应用棉花各生育阶段的旬平均气温计算了新疆喀什、阿克苏和北疆等3大棉区9个代表站播种～出苗、出苗～现蕾、现蕾～开花、开花～裂铃、裂铃～停止生长以及棉花生长前期、中期、后期和全生育期的热量指数。【结果】分析表明,热量指数既能满足棉花生长全生育期热量条件评估的要求,也可以满足棉花生长每旬、某一个或几个生育时段热量条件评估的要求,对棉花生产和品种布局具有较好的参考作用,与新疆3个棉区气候减产年有较好的对应关系,尤其能很好反映棉花延迟型冷害年的发生情况和程度。【结论】热量指数是定量评估新疆棉花延迟型冷害的一种较好指标。

[aim]To assess cotton delayed cool injury objectively, [method] The calculation method of heat index was designed to assess heat on the growth of cotton in this paper. Based on the average temperature of a period of ten days collected from nine representative stations located in three cotton regions in Kashi, Akesu and the north of Xinjiang, heat index were calculated at five growth stages and heat index at the beginning, middle, end and the whole growth stage were obtained. [result] Analysis showed that heat index could qualify for assessing heat not only at the whole cotton growth stage but also at every period of ten days, certain or several growth stages. As the index values have corresponded well with the year of yield reduction due to climate, it can be used as a reference of cotton production and distribution of types. Moreover, it could better reflect the occurrence status and extend of delayed cool injury in cotton. [conclusion] Therefore, heat index is a proper index in assess ment of cool injury.