不同健身运动处方对大学生体质健康水平的影响

Effects of Different Fitness Training Prescription on the Health of University Students

目的:观察实施不同健身运动处方对大学生体质的影响,为大学生科学锻炼提供实验依据。方法:36 6名大学生志愿者,按中国《学生体质健康标准》(试行方案) ,依其测试成绩分为3组:减肥健身组、强心健身组与壮力健身组,并将3组再平均分为实验组与对照组。设计三套不同的健身运动处方。实验组实施针对性运动处方,对照组不实施运动处方干预,实验期为1年。实验结束时复测相同指标并进行实验前后及实验组与对照组的比较,同时进行问卷调查。结果:减肥健身运动处方干预对大学生体重、体重指数、肺活量体重指数产生积极影响,实验前后差异显著(P <0 . 0 5 ) ,组间差异亦显著,且女生效果更明显;强心健身运动处方干预对肺活量体重指数、台阶试验成绩有显著影响(P <0 . 0 5 ) ;壮力健身运动处方干预对立定跳远、男生握力体重指数有显著影响(P<0 .0 5 ) ,对女生一分钟仰卧起坐成绩作用明显(F =2 5 . 6 8,P =0 . 0 0 )。问卷调查结果显示,实施运动处方的大学生在锻炼动机、锻炼目标、兴趣和锻炼后行为质量的自我评价方面明显优于未实施运动处方的对照组(Z =18. 92 ,P <0 . 0 1)。结论:实施健身运动处方能有效提高大学生体质健康水平。

Purpose To provide scientific basis for developing and implementing fitness training program for university students, the effects of dfferent training prescriptions on the health of students were investigated. Methods According to the ＇ Health and Fitness Standard for Students＇ , 366 volunteers from the university students were divide into 3 groups： weight- reduction training prescription group, strength training prescription group and the endurance training prescription group, each group was equally decided into experimental subgroup and control subgroup. Three sets of different fitness training prescriptions were provided to the subjects of three groups, respectively. The control subgroup acted without any prescription. The experiment lasted for one year. Data were collected before and after the experiment. A questionnaire was also performed at the same time. Results In weight - reduction training prescription group, the body weight reduced （especially in the famale subjects）, fitness variables and vital capacity improved significaltly （P 〈 0.05）, In endurance training prescription gnoup, vital capacity and results of step test improved, body weight reduced significantly （ P 〈 0.05）. In strength training prescription group, standing long jump, grip improved in male student significantly （ P 〈 0.05）, number of one minute sit - up in female students increased extremely significantly （ P 〈 0.001 ）. The result from questionnaire showed that exercise motivation, goal setting, fun of exercise, quality of behavior and self- perception in training group were better than that in control group （ Z = 18.92, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Implementing fitness training prescription could improve health and fitness of university students.