山东省地方性氟中毒现状抽样调查

Spot-checking on present states of endemic fluorosis in Shandong province

目的了解全省地方性氟中毒病情现状.方法在13个市采用整群分层随机抽样的方法选择调查点.用氟离子电极法测定水氟,采用Dean氏法进行儿童氟斑牙诊断.结果共调查了31个县337个病村,水氟含量＞1.00mg/L的病村占54.41%,8～12岁儿童氟斑牙总患病率为41.39%(25.05%～71.88%),斑釉指数为0.95(0.55～2.01).在未改水的病村中,有69.77%的病村水氟含量＞1.00mg/L(最大值为6.62mg/L),儿童氟斑牙患病率平均为41.84%(0.76%～94.17%).在改水降氟工程运转基本正常的病村中,有37.04%的病村水氟含量＞1.00mg/L(最大值为5.57 mg/L),儿童氟斑牙患病率平均为32.71%(0.93%～98.21%).在改水工程停用报废的病村中,有72.84%的病村水氟含量＞1.00mg/L(最大值为8.32 mg/L),儿童氟斑牙患病率平均为57.18%(3.92%～100.00%).结论山东省地方性氟中毒病情仍然十分严重,须进一步落实防制措施.

Objective To understand the present status of endemic fluorosis in Shandong province. Methods The investigated sites were selected by cluster sampling from 13 cities. To determine the content of fluoride in drinking water by Fion selective electrode and diagnose dental fluorosis of children by Dean method. Results The investigation covered 337 fluorosis villages of 31 counties belong to 13 regions. The fluorosis villages that fluoride content was over 1.00 mg/L accounted for 54.41%, and the total rate of dental fluorosis of children 8 to 12 years old was 41.39%（25.05%～71.88%）.The index of dental fluorosis was 0.95（0.55～2.01）. Among the fluorosis villages that had no improved water, the villages that fluoride content was over 1.00mg/L accounted for 69.77 % （max：6.62mg/L） ;the rate of dental fluorosis of children was 41.84 % （0.76 %～94.17 %）. Among the fluorosis villages that water-improving and defluoridation projects behaved normally, the villages that fluoride content was over 1.00 mg/L accounted for 37.04 % （max： 5.57 mg/L）, the rate of dental fluorosis of children was 32.71% （0.93 %～98.21%）. Among the fluorosis villages that water-improving and defluoridation projects had stopped using and abandoned, the villages that fluoride content was over 1.00 mg/L accounted for 72.84 % （max：8.32 mg/L）, the rate of dental fluorosis of children was 57.18 % （3.92 %～100.00 %）. Conclusions The state of an illness for endemic fluorosis is still quite serious in Shandong province. So preventing and controlling measure for endemic fluorosis must be carried out.