天山巩乃斯河谷融雪期积雪物质平衡初步研究

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SNOWCOVER EQUILIBRIUM IN THE KUNES RIVER VALLEY,TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS

本文利用1994年3月中、下旬在中国科学院天山积雪雪崩研究站（以下简称积雪站）野外观测到的部分资料，对融雪期季节性积雪的物质平衡进行初步分析，同时利用物质平衡方程对积雪日融出量进行计算．

Mass equilibrium and characteristics of ablation process of seasonal snowcover during snow-melting period were studied in this paper based on the observation data from March 12 to April 2, 1994. In order to evaluate the snowcover balance, some field measurements,such as the snow surface and air temperatures, snow surface evaporation, solar radiation,snow surface albedo, wind speed, etc., were made during the observation period at the Tianshan Station for Snow and Avalanche Research. The snow structure and bulk density were measured on the pit samples. Water content of snow was measured with the calorimeter designed by Eiji Akitaya. Surface runoff of snow melting water was also measured at a pre-equipped runoff observation field of 16 x 12m2. Daily melting water from snowcover bottom was calculated.The results show that the snowfall, melted water from the snowcover bottom and evaporation have a major contribution to snowcover equilibrium. Melted water during the snow-melting period accounts for 91.3% of the total water from snowcover, and evaporahon for 5.7%. The surface runoff is about 2% of the total melted water from snowcover bottom. Melted water has a relation with temperature as M = 0.757 x 1.5t.