儿童慢性鼻及鼻窦炎与下呼吸道疾病相关性调查

The epidemic survey of children chronic rhinosinusitis and correlative lower airway dis-eases

目的了解儿童慢性鼻及鼻窦炎与相关下呼吸道疾病流行病学特征。方法2004年3月～5月间用“南京市儿童呼吸道疾病问卷调查表”对随机选择的南京市7所小学三年级学生(9～10岁)进行问卷调查。根据诊断标准对问卷中有相关症状者,由专科医师进行集中检查,结果进行统计学处理。结果共计发放问卷调查表1087份,回收989份,应答率91%,有效答卷942份;南京市9～10岁儿童慢性鼻及鼻窦炎现患率为8.8%(83/942),其中男9.1%(44/484)、女8.5%(39/458),男、女发病率无统计学差异(x2=0.097,P>0.05);鼻塞症状为29.0%(273/942)、流鼻涕症状为31.5%(297/942)、头痛头昏症状为18.2%(171/942)。慢性鼻及鼻窦炎合并支气管哮喘、支气管炎发病率分别为19.3%、21.7%,较非慢性鼻及鼻窦炎人群发病率(分别为3.8%、8.4%)高,经x2检验,两组间支气管哮喘、气管炎发病率在统计学具有显著差别(P<0.01),而两组间支气管扩张发病率(分别为1.2%、0.1%)无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论慢性鼻及鼻窦炎是儿童常见病,与支气管哮喘、气管炎等下呼吸道相关疾病密切相关。

OBJECTIVE To realize the epidemic features of children chronic rhinosinusitis（CRS） and correlative lower airway diseases in Nanjing city, China. METHODS Questionnaire survey on CRS and airway diseases was conducted among 1087 elementary school children, aged from 9 to10, of seven schools in Nanjing city by random cluster sampling, in March to May, 2004. The questionnaire include such questions as age,gender,family history,basis diseases, inducements,environment,therapy,correlative lower airway diseases and so on. The survey included screening suspects of CRS by filling up the questionnaires by their parents and then special examination for accurate diagnosis. The results were dealt with statistics. RESULTS A total of 989 parents returned their questionnaires. The response rate was 91% and 942 questionnaires were available. The prevalence rate of CRS of children aged from 9 to 10 is 8.8 %（83/942） in Nanjing city, the difference of prevalence between female （8.5 %,39/458）and male （9.1%,44/484） was insignificant statistically （X^2=0.097,P〉0.05）. The incidences of asthma, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis of CRS children （19.3%, 21.7%, 1.2%） were higher than those of children without CRS（3.8%, 8.4%, 0.1%）. The correlation between CRS and asthma（P〈0.01） or bronchitis（P〈0.01） was statistically significant, while that with bronchiechietasis（P〉0.05）was not. CONCLUSION Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common disease in children. The prevalence rate of AR in children aged from 9 to 10 in Nanjing city is 8.8%. CRS is closely related with asthma, bronchitis.