试论我国民事权利行使过程中自助行为制度的建立——兼评我国《民法典建议稿》的自助规定

On the Establishment of the Acts of Self-help in the Performance of the Civil Rights——And on the Provisions of the Self-help in the Civil Code Proposal

民事权利的保护方法包括公力救济和私力救济。对于私力救济,我国现行《民法通则》只规定了自卫行为,而缺少关于实际生活当中已经存在的自助行为的法律规定,与发达国家民法典相比,出现了权利保护的真空。为此,文章从自助行为的制度渊源及其必要性、要件及其法律效果、相关法律冲突等多个方面进行了探析,以兹立法借鉴。

The protecting ways of civil rights are republic redress and personal redress. As for the personal redress, the current usage of the General Rule of the Civil Law only makes the acts of serf-defence with the lack of the existent law of the acts of serf-help in practice. Compared with the civil laws of the advanced countries, it leaves the vacuum of the right protection. Therefore, the paper discusses the aspects of the sources of the acts of serf-help, its necessity, its effects of law and the relevant legal conflict, which are used as the reference for the establishment of the Civil Code.