偶氮四唑类高氮含能化合物的合成及表征

Synthesis and Characterization of High-Nitrogen Energetic Compounds Derived from Azotetrazolate

以5-氨基四唑为原料,合成了3种偶氮四唑类高氮含能化合物(偶氮四唑铵盐(AZT)、偶氮四唑胍盐(GZT)及偶氮四唑三氨基胍盐(TAGZT)),利用IR、NM R、DSC、熔点测试和元素分析鉴定了其结构,简要地介绍了其爆炸性能。研究表明,作为新型高氮含能材料,偶氮四唑盐具有高的正生成焓、成气量大、燃烧无烟或少烟、燃后剩余残渣少以及不吸湿等特点,且具有良好的爆炸性能,可作为新型气体发生剂、低特征信号推进剂、低烟或无烟烟火剂以及高能炸药的重要组分。

Three new high-nitrogen energetic compounds bis-（ammonium）-5, 5＇-Azotetrazolate, bis-（guanidinium）-5,5＇-Azotetrazolate and bis-（triaminoguani-dinium）-5,5＇-Azotetrazolate have been synthesized from 5- aminotetrazole as a starting materials. Their structures were identified by IR, NMR, DSC, melting point test and elemental analysis. Their explosive performances were also introduced. It shows that these azotetrazolate compounds are possessed of positive enthalpy of formation, high gas generating ability with little or no smoke or residue produced, nonhygroscopic and excellent explosive performances. They are the important ingredients of gas generants, low signature propellants, pyrotechnics and high performance explosives.