汉代文人歌诗的文学特征

The Literary Characteristic of the Scholar Song Poetry in the Han Dynasty

汉代上层文人歌诗的创作以王室成员为主,他们以楚地特有的声乐系统“楚声”来创作歌诗,形成其特有的悲情特征;平民文人歌诗创作,与上层文人歌诗的悲情主调相一致,然而它将《诗三百》单纯的、尚与诗章的特定场景和情感主题有所游离的“兴”,转化为与抒情主体的行为、心理感受相联的某种景观,从而使情感的抒发又有了一个特定的、感性化的空间。但汉代文人歌诗远不如民间歌诗兴盛,究其原因,不仅有其楚声音乐系统的先天不足,而且还与汉代重经、赋的经国方略有关,从而导致文人歌诗创作难以成为普遍行为。

The creation of upper - class scholar song poetry in the Han Dynasty was mainly limited to the members of the loyal families. They created song poetry with the special Chu music system known as “Chu Sheng”, which formed its special sorrowful feeling characteristic. The lower-class scholar song poetry had the same sorrowful feeling characteristic as the upper- class scholar poetry. However, the lower- class scholar only changed The Book of Songs, which drifted away the “poetic mood” of special spot and feeling into some landscape that was connected with poets’ action and mental feeling, so it offered a special and perceptual space to convey emotions. In the meantime, there are many reasons for us to discuss why scholar song poetry could not be popularized like folk song poetry in Han Dynasty.