中国北方5种下垫面对沙尘暴的影响研究

Influence of Five Types Underlying Surface on Sand-Dust Storm in Northern China

利用中国北方农田、草地、沙地、戈壁、盐壳5种不同下垫面15个气象站点40年的大风与沙尘暴日数气象数据,对这5种下垫面大风日数与沙尘暴日数之间的关系进行了定量研究。通过分析初步得出:大风日数与沙尘暴日数之间存在着一定的相关关系。下垫面对沙尘暴有重要的影响,不同下垫面的沙尘暴日数存在着较大的差异。草地、戈壁、盐壳的沙尘暴日数明显少于大风日数,沙尘暴日数的年际变化较小,农田与沙地的沙尘暴日数明显增多,甚至在许多年份中多于大风日数。这种差异是由不同下垫面对沙尘暴的影响机制决定的。

In this paper, a quantitative research on the relationship between strong wind aays and sand-dust storm days has been made by using 40 years meteorological data of five types of underlying surface in northern China, which includefarmland, grassland, sandland, gobi and salt crust. By analyzing, we can find that there are certain correlations between the days of sand-dust storm and strong wind for different types of underlying surface. Underlying surface has great influence on sand-dust storm, but there are pronounced differences in different types of underlying surface for this influence. The sand-dust storm days of grassland, gobi and salt crust, with smaller interannual variation are obviously less than strong wind days. On the other hand, the sand-dust storm days of farmland and sandland increase evidently, even in many years, are much more than strong wind days. The differences are mainly induced by the influencing mechanism of different underlying surface on sand-dust storm.