鲁中花岗岩山区人工林土壤水分物理性质

Study on Soil Moisture Physical Characteristics of Artificial Forest in Granite Mountainous Region

在济南市南部山区圣泉寺林场内,以5种人工林为研究对象,对其土壤物理结构和土壤水分特征进行研究,以其为北方石质山区人工林的科学经营与抚育管理提供依据。结果表明:①各种林分的土壤密度、孔隙度和渗透速率等表征土壤水文物理性质的指标明显好于无林地,其中混交林好于纯林,刺楸纯林好于黄连木、栾树纯林。②在旱季和雨季,随着土壤深度的增加,大部分林地土壤含水量呈现递减趋势,其变动幅度小于无林地。③随着土壤深度的增加,各林地土壤饱和持水量逐渐减小;混交林表层土壤蓄水功能最好,其它林分各层次差异较小。混交林对水分的贮蓄和调节能力较强,但各林分供水性能差别不大。在涵养水源和水分有效性方面,混交林优于纯林,纯林中以刺楸大阔叶树种较好,栾树较差。建议在今后的森林经营中,首先考虑营造混交林分,林种组成以刺楸×黄连木较好;若营造纯林以刺楸林分较好。在现有林分的经营管理中,对黄连木和栾树纯林应注重对其地表植被和枯枝落叶层进行保护,对残次林分采取封山育林措施,有条件时尽量改造为混交林。

Characteristics of soil physical structure and soil moisture of five kinds of artiticial Iorest were researcned in Shengquan temple forestry center, in the southern mountain of Jinan city, in order to offer scientific management and nurture of forest vegetation in stone mountain of northern area. Results indicate that： ①In these artificial forests, some physical characters expressing soil moisture, such as soil density, porosity, infiltration rate, are much better than bare land, and these characteristics show this order： mixed forest 〉pure forest, Kalopanax pictus 〉 Koelreuteria paniculata 〉 Pistacia chinensis. ②In dry and rainy season, with the adding soil depth, soil water content decreased in most part of forest, and their change range is less than bare land . ③with increasing soil depth, soil saturated water content decreases in all kinds of forest. Storing water capacity of surface soil layer is the best in the mixed forest; other differences are little in every soil layer. Storing and adjusting water capacity is good in mixed forest, and offering water capacity is same in all forests. Conclusions show that：Judging from water conservation and water use efficiency, mixed forest is better than pure forest, and in pure forest Kalopanax pictus〉 Koelreuteria paniculata. Therefore, we propose that： In the future, mixed forest should be fostered and managed firstly, the species being made up of Kalopana.r pictus and Pistacia chinensis. In the pure forest, Kalopanax pictus is good. Nowadays Koelreuteria paniculata,Pistacia chinensis should be protected, especially earth surface vegetation and litter. As to poor forest, closing hill for afforestation should be adopted. Pure forest had better reconstruct to be mixed forest in available condition.