泾河中上游流域土地利用格局变化与驱动因子分析

Land-Use/Cover Change Process and Driving Force Analysis in Jinghe River Channels

利用RS和GIS技术和景观生态学的方法,对泾河中上游流域1986～2000年的景观特征及其动态变化进行了研究.通过计算多样性指数、优势度、破碎化指数、分离度等指标,进行了土地利用格局变化分析,并对该区域土地利用变化的主导因子进行了分析,认为该区土地利用/土地覆被变化的驱动力主要为:自然因素、经济因素、人口压力及宏观政策等, 并互相影响、互相制约, 共同影响流域景观格局的变化.

The eco-environment is sensitive and fragile in Jinghe river channels,which is closely influenced by the special natural environment of the area. The society and economy greatly developed in the last decade of the 20th century. However, the heavy activities of human beings aggravated the burden of the eco-environment, which can be characterized by the land deterioration, soil erosion and the increase frequency of natural hazards （debris flow and landslide） etc. This paper focused on the LUCC, and explained the quantities, inner structure,types and spatial distribution features of the dynamic changes in Longdong loess plateau in fifteen years. Furthermore, the driving forces of the LUCC were analyzed in detail. The conclusions were. All the land-use types were decreased more or less except construction land and grassland. The cultivated land area was decreased by 20 691 hm^2, which changed mainly into construction land and had the high quality with the plain location. The woodland area was decreased, which changed mainly into grassland, arid land and construction land, and the area of the forest land was decreased by 12 269 hm^2. The construction land area was increased by 9 278.8 hm^2 in fifteen years; the area of the grassland was increased, which came mainly from the conversion of the woodland and the arid land. The driving force of the LUCC in Longdong loess plateau were the economic development, the pressure of the increase of population, adjustment of the macro policy and the construction of the three gorges project.