不同耕作制度对土壤渗透性和玉米生长的影响研究

Study on Influence of Soil Permeability and Yield of Corn under Different Farming System

针对松辽平原玉米连作黑土在不同作制度下所形成的两种不同构型剖面(“平面型”剖面和“波浪型”剖面),对玉米产量有显著影响。通过模拟构型,研究了不同剖面构型的水分特征及其对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:“平面型”剖面构造改善了土壤的通透性,增加了土壤水分渗透的速率,减少了雨水径流。“波浪型”剖面耕层土壤的耗水量比“平面型”剖面的大,特别是后期,易发生水分亏缺现象。从作物生育时期降雨量分析来看,对于“平面型”剖面来说略有盈余,而“波浪型”却出现亏缺。“波浪型”剖面耕层土壤比“平面型”剖面更容易发生干旱现象,这可能是黑土区土壤易出现干旱现象的主要原因。在这种现象的作用下,使玉米生长过度依靠年度降水,将会出现年际产量的高波动性。

To the problem of different profile morphological characteristics （“flat type”section and “wave type” section ） under continuous cultivation of corn formed under different tillage conditions have significant influence to corn yield in Songliao plant, this paper systemically studied moisture characteristics and influences under different profile morphological characteristics. The results show that： “flat type” section has better soil structure and appropriate pore ratio, which improved the soil permeability, reduced soil erosion. The corn water-consumption of “wave type” section cultivated horizon is bigger than that of “flat type” section. Soil water could appear shortage in “wave type” section, especially in the post period. Through measuring rainfall contents of growing the season, the rain of the “flat type” section is slightly surplus, but that of the “wave type” section is shortage. Therefore, “wave type” section cultivated horizon may occur drier phenomenon much easier than “flat type” section. This may be the main reason why drier phenomena easily happen in the black soil. Under this kind of the phenomena, corn growth excessive depends on the rainfall of a year, and it will appear the high motion to the year＇s yield.