红壤稻田多元高产高效益复种模式的研究

A STUDY ON MULTIPLE CROPPING PATTERNS OF HIGH YIELD AND BENEFIT IN RED SOIL PADDY FIELDS

在１９９２～１９９３两年定位试验基础上，１９９４年选择粮经、粮饲和粮菜肥等３种多元复种模式继续开展定位验证，结果探明了粮经型的模式１（青菜─马铃薯─早稻─晚稻）、粮饲型的模式２（绿肥─玉米─晚稻）每公顷产粮１７．１０ｔ和１５．６１ｔ，分别比粮粮型的ＣＫ＿１（小麦─早稻─晚稻）每公顷增产３９．３％和２７．３％，比粮肥型的ＣＫ＿２（绿肥─早稻─晚稻）每公顷增产４５．９％和３３．３％；纯收益分别３．４１万元和１．２７万元，比ＣＫ＿１增收６．２８倍和１．７倍，比ＣＫ２增收３．９４倍和０．８４倍等。模式３（小麦／绿肥─冬瓜／辣椒─稻）每公顷产量８．８８ｔ，虽然粮食比ＣＫ＿１，ＣＫ＿２减产２７．７％和２４．２％，但纯收益为参试模式的首位，每公顷达５．５０万元，比ＣＫ＿１、ＣＫ＿２分别增收１０．７４倍和６．９８倍。同时，由于新复种模式实行水旱轮作以及高投入高产出的耕作栽培措施，土壤理化性状得到明显改善。上述稳粮、扩饲、增收和培土的新复种模式，是针对当地气候特点，通过优势作物多元间套复种，提高了光温水资源的利用率和土地产出率的必然结果。

After testing 7 cropping patterns for 2 years,3 multiple cropping patterns of food-cashcrops,food-forage crops,and food-vegetable crops were selected for further test and veri-fication.The above patterns were as following:Pattern I,sass-lrish potato-rice-rice(food-cash):PatternⅡ,green manure-maize-rice(food-forage),and pattern Ⅲ,wheat/green ma-nure-ash pumpkin/hot pepper-rice(food-vegetable).Pattern I and Pattern Ⅱ have rice grainyields of 17.10 and 15.61 t/hm￣2 respectively.Compared with wheat-rice-rice(CK_1),theirrice grain yields are increased by 39.3%and 27.3%respectively ,45.9 and 33.3 per centhigher than green manure-rice-rice(CK_2)respectively,Their benefits are 34 106.55 and12 699.45 yuan/hm￣2.Compared with CK_1 ,their benefits are increased by 628%and 170%,394 and 84 per cent higher than CK_2 respectively.Pattern Ⅲis of highest benefit(55 022.4yuan/hm￣2)in the tested patterns,but its grain yield is 8.88t/hm￣2(Compared with CK_1 andCK_2,being decreased by 27.7%and 24.2%respectively).Compared with CK1 and CK_2,thebenefit is increased by 1 074%and 698%respectively;In the meanwhile,the soil fertiIity isevidently improved because in the 3 new patterns paddyupland rotation and high input andoutput farming systems are performed.Also,the 3 patterns are of high water and light effi-ciency and high benefit through comprehensive utilization of inter cropping,relaying inter-cropping and multiple cropping.