一些多小穗小麦品种的农艺性状多元分析与育种效应评价

Character Plurality Analysis of Wheat Genotypes with More Spikelets and Its Utilizing Value for Breeding

应用多元分析法对４２个多小穗小麦品系的１４种性状分析表明，４个主因子依次为株穗数、日灌浆量、小穗数和籽秆比。其中小穗数多和日灌浆量高作为新的重要选择性状是增小穗育种对性状遗传改良的结果。前者增粒、增重、扩大籽粒库容体积及穗部绿色光合面积；后者提高籽粒库贮存量，对单株生物学产量和经济学产量起主导作用。

characters of 42 wheat genotypes with more spikelets (from 22 to 35) were analysed by the principal component analysis, regression analysis and the path analysis. The results of principal component analysis showed that four main factor were ears per plant, grain filling weight/day.spike, number of spikelets and harvest index. Among of them, number of spikelets and grain filling weight/day were important selection characters which have been improved by increasing spikelet breeding. The increase of spikelet number can increase grain number, grain volume and green area of ear for photosynthesis. The increase of grain filling weight/day can promote the accumulation of assimilation product in grain and it played an important role in biomass/plant and grain yield/plant. This indicated that the selection of increasing spikelet was a useful breeding method in wheat.