安徽丰溪河水生昆虫多样性及其水质生物评价

DIVERSITY OF AQUATIC INSECTS AND BIO ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF FENGXI RIVER IN ANHUI PROVINCE

用索伯网（Ｓｕｒｂｅｒ）定量采样法，在安徽丰溪河水系３级、４级支流５个基点，３次采集１５０个样方，总面积１３．９５ｍ２，获水生昆虫９目、４７科、９０属、１０９种，计８２４８头。丰溪河水生昆虫群落的“种－多度”关系拟合Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ对数级数法则，昆虫群落结构随河流级别的不同呈现梯度性变化仅与蜉蝣目（Ｅｐｈｅｍｅｒｏｐｔｅｒａ）蝙蜉科（Ｈｅｐｔａｇｅｎｉｄａｅ）、翅目（Ｐｌｅｃｏｐｔｅｒａ）和毛翅目（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｐｔｅｒａ）３类群的种数和个体数变化有关。对相应的水体进行了理化和毒性测定，分析比较了Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ多样性指数、ＥＰＴ（蜉蝣目、翅目和毛翅目）丰富度、生物指数（ＢＩ）和科级水平生物指数（ＦＢＩ）４种水质评价方法对丰溪河水质的评价效果，并对美国现行ＢＩ和ＦＢＩ的耐污值（ｔ）在中国水生昆虫水质监测中的可行性进行了讨论。

One hundred and fifty samples of benthic aquatic insects in the total area of 13.95 square meters were sampled with quantitative Surber net in Fengxi River (Anhui Province) in 1991. Total 8 2 48 individuals can be identified into 109 species of 90 genera in 47 families under 9 orders. Hydrophysical and hydrochemical characters were measured at each site. The diagram of “species abundance” of the river almost completely simulates the diagram drawn in the basis of “logarithm series law”. The structure of aquatic insects varies in different tributary orders which mostly related to the diversity of Heptageniidae(Ephemeroptera), Plecoptera and Trichoptera. The applicability of Shannon diversity, EPT richness, Biotic Index(BI) and Family Biotic Index(FBI) are discussed, BI and FBI bioassessment methods are highly recommended in China.