英国学派的战争哲学:格老秀斯式的理论解读

The War Philosophy of the English School: A Grotian Interpretation

主要基于格老秀斯的国际社会思想、正义战争学说和国际干涉理论,英国学派在战争问题上形成了自己独到的理论解释,其核心思想是:战争行为不仅是一个重大的国际政治问题,也是一个重大的伦理问题,它涉及一系列对确定国际社会基本原则和规范至关紧要的道德判断和道德选择。为此,英国学派主张把战争行为视为国际社会的一种社会行为,通过强调国际社会的自卫权、强制权以及国际秩序正当变更的需要,以助成这样一种共同观念:仅当为了促进国际社会的利益才可合法地使用武力;在认可战争有其合理性的同时,坚决主张对战争与冲突施加规范性约束,使之既符合国际社会的基本法理要求,又符合国际社会基本道义需要;对国际干涉特别是人道主义干涉施加严格的条件限制,即干涉只能是不干涉的一个例外,并要有助于实现个人正义。

Primarily based on the thought of Grotian international society,the just war doctrine and the international intervention theory,the English School forms a unique theoretical interpretation on the issue of war: The action of war is not only a crucial international political issue,but also an important ethical issue.It involves a series of moral judgments and moral choices that are vital for shaping the basic principles and norms of international society.Therefore,the English School:(1) regards war as a social action of the international society,and tries to reach a common understanding by underpinning the right of self-defense,the right of coercion,and the necessary changes in the world order: force can be used only to promote the interests of international society;(2) acknowledges the validity of war,meanwhile insisting on the normative constraints on wars and conflicts;(3) exerts rigid constraints against international interventions,especially humanitarian interventions,namely,intervention should only be an exception to the non-intervention principle and should contribute to the realization of personal justice.