测定天文大气折射和建立电磁波折射延迟实测模型(Ⅲ)——专用测量仪器

Determining the Astronomical Refraction and Building the Radio Wave Refractive Delay Model Measured(Ⅲ)——A Special Measuring Instrument

针对用天文大气折射测定值,建立随观测站和随方位而异的电磁波折射延迟改正模型的高精度要求,提出了新的仪器误差理论,其主要内容是允许仪器误差存在,并看成是不断变化的,采用相应的测量方法作实时的测定和修正,同时消除仪器的各种变形和误差的影响,排除观测数据中的各种系统误差来源,并达到提高单次测定精度目的;文中还针对不同纬度的观测站、多方位、从天顶直到低空的观测需要,给出了仪器总体结构的安排,和采用视频CCD作为接收器的终端设计方案,也给出了各种仪器误差的测定方法和测量装置的设计要求。

aimed at the demands of high accuracy on determining the astronomical refraction and building radio wave refractive delay corrective models varied with change in station and direction, a new instrumental error theory is presented in the paper. Its key ideas are to allow instrumental errors existing, and to consider them to be fluctuated continuously, but to measure in real time and correct them by means of corresponding measurements, at the same time, to eliminate influences of various distortions and errors, to remove all kinds of systematic error sources from observational data so as to improve accuracy of single measurement. To meet the requirements of observations from the zenith to low altitudes in several directions at observing stations in different latitudes, a general program for the instrument construction and a design plan are presented, in which a video CCD camera is used as the terminal of the receiver. Furthermore, determining methods for various instrumental errors and design demands on the measuring devices are described in the paper.