休闲与审美:自在生命的自由体验

Leisure Life and Aesthetics:The Liberated Experience of the Self-dependent Being

休闲是人的理想生存状态,审美是人的理想体验方式。休闲之为理想在于进入了人类的自在生命领域,审美之为理想在于进入了生命的自由体验状态,两者有着共同的前提与指向,审美是休闲的最高层次和最主要方式。在中国,儒家的“曾点之乐”、道家的“逍遥游”、佛家的“林下风流”、理学家的“浑然天成”与“无入而不自得”,均表达了休闲的理想,也蕴涵着审美的境界;在西方,从亚里士多德、马克思直到海德格尔,无不把休闲和审美作为理想人性及生存状态的表证。随着国民经济的发展、国民收入的提高、国人自由支配时间的日益充裕,休闲与审美将愈益成为人们的日常理想生存状态。而休闲较之审美,更是切入了人的直接生存领域,使审美境界普遍地指向现实生活。

Leisure life is man＇s ideal existence and the aesthetic sense is the ideal form of man＇s experience. Leisure life can be regarded as man＇s ideal in that it has come into the condition of a self-dependent being. The aesthetic sense can take the place of one＇s ideal in that it has brought itself into the state of a liberated experience. Both of them have the same presuppositions and orientations. From the eco-aesthetic viewpoint, leisure life is the ideal form of one＇s existence and experience. It also is the essential rule of his aesthetic activity. At the same time, the aesthetic is the highest level and most important way of man＇s leisure life.In the perspective of traditional Chinese philosophical resources, such ideas as “the happiness ofZengdian” in the Confucianist philosophy, “liberated lifestyle” of Taoism, “comfort in the wood” of Buddhism, “ natural growth” and “ no understanding without experience by oneself” of Neo-Confucianism, all contribute to showing an ideal for leisure life and the level of existence they have reached. It contains their aesthetic spirits and interests. From Aristotle to Karl Marx and Heidgger, the Western philosophical tradition regards leisure life and its aesthetic sense as an evidence of the humanity and the condition of the human existence. With the development of the national economy and the growth of people＇s income and leisure time, leisure life and aesthetic activities are becoming people＇s ideal condition and lifestyle. Compared with other aesthetic activities, leisure life is more involved in the field of man＇s existence and the process of combining aesthetic activities with man＇s daily life.