生态系统服务功能分类与价值评估探讨

An approach on ecosystem services classification and valuation.

生态系统服务功能及其价值评估研究是当前生态学研究的热点,对于促进生态系统可持续管理具有重要作用。目前,在生态系统服务功能分类及价值评估方面,还没有形成比较系统的理论;在服务价值的评估方面,国内相关研究多数套用现有的一般化计算公式对生态服务功能进行计算,缺少针对性和探索性。总结近年来笔者在这方面的研究得失,并综合前人的研究,将生态系统服务功能进行新的分类,提出“核心”服务功能、“理论”服务价值与“现实”服务价值的概念,并以温州三湿地生态系统服务功能及其价值评估研究作为实例,论证所提出的新概念。生态系统服务功能及价值评估研究的最终目的是为生态系统管理决策者提供信息,因此服务价值评估的意义不在于对每一项服务功能价值的精确估算,甚至不需要计算一个生态系统所有的服务功能价值,而应抓住一个或几个有计算依据的核心服务功能。提出理论服务价值概念的主要目的在于同现实服务价值的比较,量化某服务功能的退化程度,明确后续生态恢复和重建的主要目标,并可在一定程度上作为生态恢复的重要指标。

The study of ecosystem services and their valuation is a hot-pot issue in ecology, which plays an important role in boosting sustainable ecosystem management. At present, there are no systemic theories in ecosystem services classification and valuation, and most domestic studies are focused on the repeated estimation of some prevalent services by using established methods, without any pertinence and exploration. Based on our previous studies and related literatures, this paper put forward a new classification system of ecosystem services, and named three new concepts, i. e., top-drawer ecosystem services, theoretical value, and actual value. A case study on the Sangyang wetland of Wenzhou further illustrated these classification system and new concepts. It is suggested that if the main purpose of ecosystem services study is to serve decision-making, it is no need to evaluate all the ecosystem services of a region accurately and roundly, while the valuation of several top-drawer ecosystem services is sufficient. The comparison of theoretical and actual values could help to analyze the degree of ecosystem degeneration and evaluate the process of ecological restoration.