论“入宪”后私有财产权法律保护制度的再完善——对2004年修改后的宪法第13条的再思考

On Re-consummation of Legal System of Protecting Private Proprietary Rights after being written in Constitution

必须正确认识“社会主义公有财产神圣不可侵犯”和“公民的合法的私有财产不受侵犯”两个规定之间的关系。财产权保护的法理依据应当是财产取得方式的合法性而不是“所有制”的优越性。有关私有财产权保障的条款应置于公民的基本权利部分而非总则的“基本经济制度”部分。立法上完善配套法律法规时要既体现“平等保护原则,”又处理好转型时期的“特殊问题”。为增强法律实效,实践中应有效限制行政权力,进一步放宽对私营企业市场准入限制。培植尊重私产和正当程序的宪政观念,深化政治体制改革,建立真正的社会公正,兼顾自由竞争与公平分配,对完善宪政意义上的私有财产权制度非常重要。

We must get the point of understanding teh relationship between the articles such as “socialist public property is sacredly inviolable”and “legitimate private property is inviolable”.From the viewpoint of jurisprudence,the protection of proprietary rights should be based on the legitimate proprietary gain-way rather than the superiority of ownership.Instead of putting them in “general principles ”as “Basic economic system”,terms on the protection of private proprietary rights should be put in the part “ The fundamental rights and duties of citizens”To perfecting the relative laws and regulations,legislation should not onle embody“Equal protection”but also take a great deal of “Special problem”.To improve the legal enforcement effectiveness,in practice,administrative power should be effectively controlled and the restriction of private enterprises＇ entering market should be relaxed.To perfecting the private proprietary rights system in constitutionalism,it＇s very important to develop the concept of respecting proprietary right and proper procedure,deepen the political reform,establish the social justice,and take the balance between free competition and distributive justice.