张载与徐敬德气论哲学之比较

A Comparison between Zhang Zai and So Kyong-Dok in Qi Philosophy

张载和徐敬德分别是中国和朝鲜哲学史上气论哲学的重要代表。“气”是张徐二人哲学思想的核心范畴,两人都强调气的物质性、对立统一性以及不灭性。然而张载的气学具有以义理为主的“四书学”特征,更侧重于物质性;徐敬德的气学则与道家哲学关系密切,含有更多的精神成分。在理气问题上,两者都主张理是气的内在属性,都使“理”凸现出伦理的色彩,但是在理的地位问题、理与气的结合程度以及对理的具体规定方面等都存在着很大的不同。二人的气论哲学均显示出东亚气论哲学的泛生命性、泛伦理性、经验性和前逻辑性等特征,这既是其魅力之所在,又是中朝气论哲学发展滞后之根源。

Zhang Zai and So Kyong-dok are noted representatives of qi philosophy in China and Korea, who lay emphasis on the materiality, unity in opposition, and indestructibility of qi. Zhang Zai＇s qi theory is characterized by his Confucianism and stresses materiality, while So Kyong-dok＇s qi theory is closely related to Taoism and shows more spirituality. As regards the li and qi issue, Zhang and So both advocate that li is the internal property of qi which shows its ethical character, but they vary in the status of li, the combination of li and qi and specific aspects of li. Their qi theories embody the characteristics of qi philosophy in East Asia,such as pan-life and pan-ethical nature, expirical property and prelogicality which not only present the charm of their qi philosophy but also disclose the source of the slack evolution of Sino-Korean qi philosophy.