论优先权的种类

Classification of Priority Rights

优先权制度的立法目的在于破除债权平等,追求实质的公平和正义,是维护公共利益和推行特殊的社会政策需要而赋予债权人的一种特权。这种特权制度,对其他债权人来说是一种“真正的痛苦”。因而,立法者在考虑赋予哪些债权以优先权保障时,非常重视债权本身的性质或发生原因。文章对优先权的种类设定作出了严格的限制,将优先权的具体种类限定在基于为全体(或特定)债权人利益而发生的共益费用和基于生存权的需要而产生的债权两大类。

The legislative purpose of the priority system is to break the equality of credit so as to pursue substantive fairness and justice. The system provides creditors with a kind of privilege for maintaining public benefits and practicing special social policies, but it is a kind of real pain to other creditors. Therefore, legislators pay much attention to the nature or the causation of credits when considering which credits need to be given the right of priority. This article provides strict limitation on the classification of priority rights, dividing the right into two major categories, that is, credit based on expense for common benefit of all or specific creditors and credit resulting from the need of the right of existence.