可疑的真理——福柯“谱系学”之评析

THE QUESTIONABLE TRUTH——A Critical Study of Michel Foucault's Genealogy

作为后现代主义代表人物米歇尔.福柯的重要思想之一,“谱系学”理论对真理进行了解构,认为真理的被发明往往具有偶然性,背后是权力的运作,甚至是基于一种利益的盘算,因此任何真理都并非不可质疑。该理论在起点上就指出了真理的不可靠性,虽然被批评为有“相对主义”、“虚无主义”的倾向,但“谱系学”对历史中的一致性、规律性持坚决的拒斥态度,强调了真理是没有规律的,也不是恒常不变的,同时也颠覆了关于历史是线性进步的观念。这些观点对我们无疑具有重要的启发意义。

As one of the important theories of Michel Foucault, a rePresentative of postmodernism, genealogy deconstructs truth, arguing that truth is, more often than not, discovered by chance, backed by the operation of power or the consideration of interest. Therefore, all truths are questionable. Pointing out the unreliability of truth, which is accused as “having tendency of relativity and nihilism”, the theory flatly refuses the uniformity and regularity of history, emphasizing the irregularity and inconstancy of truth and toppling the notion that history progresses in a linear order. It is a very much revealing theory.