论西班牙波旁王朝的“非美洲化”改革与拉丁美洲独立运动

On "De-Americanizing" Reform by the Spanish Bourbon Dynasty and the Independence Movement in Latin America

西班牙波旁王朝在拉丁美洲推行“非美洲化”的改革,在政治领域逐步剥夺了由克列奥尔精英控制的美洲地方行政权利,在经济领域逐步在全帝国体系内建立“自由贸易体系,”同时还推行更加宽容的种族政策。克列奥尔精英一方面嫉恨宗主国当局逐步削弱他们的政治特权和变相掠夺他们的经济收益,另一方面又担心下层民众反抗西班牙专制统治的斗争会波及到他们现存的社会地位。当斐迪南七世的镇压使克列奥尔上层的自治迷梦破灭后,他们最终走上了独立的道路。

The Spanish Bourbon Dynasty initiated de-Americanizing reform in Latin America. In the sphere of politics, the local administrative right controlled by Creole elite was gradually deprived. In the sphere of economy, “free trade system” was gradually set up within the whole empire system. Meanwhile, a more tolerant racial policy was put into practice. On the one hand, the Creole elite were jealous of suzerain in that it weakened its political privileges and despoiled them of their economic proceeds indirectly. On the other hand, they were worried that the struggle against the Spanish autocratic rule by the lowly masses would affect their existing social status. When Ferdinand VII＇s suppression spoiled the dream of Creole upper class,they eventually walked on the road of independence.