气候变迁与黄土高原演变的研究综述

Research Summary about Climatic Change and Chinese Loess Plateau Evolution

根据当前国内的研究成果,总结了地质时期第四纪(距今250多万a)以来黄土高原演变与气候变迁之间的关系,其主要关系可归纳为:①第三纪以来喜马拉雅造山运动引起的中国大陆一系列差异性升降构造变化是黄土高原形成的决定性因素;②更新世时期青藏高原隆起所引起的强西风气流把中亚内陆沙漠地区的大量粉尘带到今天的黄土高原地区,形成了黄土高原;③现代季风是更新世时期青藏高原上升到某个高度之后的产物,但随着青藏高原高度不断增长,它对湿润夏季风的屏障作用越来越强,黄土高原气候开始由温暖湿润向干冷和干旱化方向发展,相应地植被种类和分布发生调整;④黄土高原植被对气候波动的适应具有重复性,即植物随着气候冷暖干湿的波动,生长区域南北移动;⑤黄土高原水土流失在更新世时期主要是自然侵蚀造成的,全新世时期在遵循自然规律继续进行的基础上,又叠加了人类活动影响,使之呈现加速发展的特点;⑥黄土高原水土流失受地质、降水、植被与人类活动等多种因素的影响,空间差异极其显著。

Based on the domestic current researches, the relations between climatic change and Chinese Loess Plateau evolution during the Quaternary are summarized, and the main characteristics can be listed as follows： ①the crucial factors of Loess Plateau formation are the serial otherness structural variation of Chinese mainland caused by the Himalayan Syntaxes from the Tertiary; ②during the Pleistocene the strong wind caused by Tibetan Plateau apophysis brings great deal of power - dust from the inland desert in middle Asia zone to Loess Plateau zone, which was formed accordingly;③present monsoon occurred after Tibetan Plateau had reached certain height during the Pleistocene ,then the higher of Tibetan Plateau is, the stronger of the barrier against summer monsoon is. The warm and wet climate in Loess Plateau turned into cold and drought, and the types and distribution of vegetation adjusted accordingly;④the adaptability of vegetation could repeat according to climatic changes, namely the distributing zone moves from north to south on the basis of climatic changes in temperature and precipitation;⑤during the Pleistocene natural corrosions played great role in soil and water losses in Loess Plateau, and during the Holocene the soil and water losses accelerated because of human activities;⑥soil and water losses in Loess Plateau are influenced by the geological condition, precipitation, vegetation and human activity, and its spatial variety is obvious.