冬季低温对广东沿海中华按蚊成蚊前期发育的影响

The Effect of Lower Temperature in Winter on the Development of Anopheles sinensis in the Littoral Zone of Guangdong

目的研究广东沿海地区冬季低温对当地中华按蚊生长发育的影响。方法12月份采集广东沿海某地吸饱血中华按蚊8只,分组分别在低温(冬季室温12～22℃)和控温(25±1)℃条件下产卵。选择低温产卵的3只蚊的蚊卵各分两份,分别置于低温和控温的环境中,观察其孵化、成蛹和羽化的情况。结果低温组按蚊的孵化率、成蛹率和羽化率分别为67.0%、22.0%和93.5%,孵化率和羽化率与控温组没有明显差异,而成蛹率二组有所差异。低温组蚊的各期发育阶段都出现了明显的滞育。结论冬季低温对蚊虫的发育有一定的阻滞作用。广东沿海按蚊虽然由于低温而降低发育速度,但始终都有部分按蚊能完成整个发育过程而羽化为成蚊。

Objective To study the effect of lower temperature in winter on the development of of Anopheles sinensis in the littoral zone of Guangdong. Methods 8 Anopheles sinensis samples were collected in the south littoral zone of Guangdong province in December. The mosquitoes were divided into 2 groups （each group had 4 anopheles）. One group spawned at the winter indoor temperature （12-22℃）, and the other at controlled temperature （25＋1）℃. Eggs that were laid at the lower temperature were divided into 2 groups. One group was hatched at lower temperature （12-22℃） and the other group at controlled temperature （25＋1）℃. Results The hatch rate, pupae rate and eclosion rate of anopheles of lower temperature group were 67.0%, 22.0% and 93.5%, respectively. The hatch rates and eclosion rates of the lower temperature group and the controlled tempaerature group showed no difference, but their pupae rates were different. Diapause was observed in the lower temperature group at each growth phases. Conclusion The lower temperature in winter could retard the growth of mosquitoes in the littoral zone of Guangdong foreland.