文学语言、科学语言、情感语言的区分——试论形式主义关于文学语言的讨论及其意义

Differentiation between Literary,Scientific,and Emotional Languages——Exploration of Formalistic Discussions of Literary Language and Their Significance

出于对工具论语言观的反叛,俄国形式主义从对文学语言与实用语言的区分中发现了文学语言的陌生化与可感知性,捷克结构主义从对诗歌语言与标准语言的区分中论证了文学语言的美学功能与情感表现的形式性,新批评则强调了文学语言的表情性、伪指性与歧义性。本文反思了形式主义语言观对文学语言与其他语言形态交叉互渗关系以及对文学语言人文特性关注较少的缺陷,并对其多方面的影响作了评估。

Out of a revolt against the instrumentalist linguistic theory, Russian formalism has, in differentiating literary language from pragmatic language, discovered the alienation and perceptibility of the former; Czech structuralism has, in differentiating poetic language from regular language, expounded and verified the aesthetic function of literary language and formalness of emotional expression; while New Criticism has put its emphasis on the communicability, the pseudo-denotativeness and ambiguity of literary language. This paper reflects on the defects of the formalistic linguistic theory of not paying due attention to the mutual infiltration of literary language and other language forms, and the humanistic characteristics of literary language. Comments are also made on their multi impacts.