三峡工程与长江开发及保护

Three Gorges Project and Development, Protection of Yangtze River

三峡工程是长江治理开发的关键工程,具有巨大的防洪、发电、航运等综合效益,并有利于改善环境与生态,对我国经济社会可持续发展和实施西部大开发战略具有重要的作用和影响。三峡工程投运后,改变了长江的水沙条件,引起库尾变动回水区泥沙淤积;清水下泄对中下游河道长时间、长距离的冲刷,导致洞庭湖的冲淤变化及江湖关系的调整,对中下游的河势控导和堤防护岸等工程的防洪安全以及航运带来新的问题,需列专项进行研究,加强观测和进行加固处理。应研究发挥三峡工程在保持和改善环境与生态中的作用,并采取措施将其造成的不利影响减到最低程度;要加强水污染防治,保护长江流域水环境;应按照“在保护中开发,在开发中保护”的原则,加快长江开发与保护的步伐,使长江为我国经济社会可持续发展作出重要贡献。

As the key works for harnessing and developing the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Project （TGP） has considerable comprehensive benefits in the flood control, power generation and navigation as well as in the improvement of the environment and ecological system, which plays an important role both in the economic-social sustainable development and implementation of the Western Development of China. After completion and operation of the TGP, the water-sand conditions of the Yangtze River will be changed and sedimentation will occur in the backwater zone at the tail of the reservoir. On the other hand, clean water discharge will bring long-term and long-distance erosion to the channel of middle ＆ down streams, which will lead to changes in sedimentation of the Dongting Lake and relationships between the river and the lake. In addition, for the middle ＆ down streams, new problems will occur such as flood safety of river regime control, levees and bank protection works as well as the navigation. Therefore, special studies, further observations and reinforcements shall be carried out. How to give full play to TGP＇s role of environmental ＆ ecological preservation and improvement shall be taken into consideration, and relevant measures shall be taken to minimize its negative impacts. Prevention and treatment of water pollution shall be strengthened to protect the water environment of Changjiang River basin. In accordance with the principle of “developing in protection and protecting in development”, development and protection of the Yangtze River shall be accelerated to make its important contribution to the economic-social sustainable development of China.