汕头市小工业社区职业卫生服务现况分析

An Analysis of Community Occupational Health Service Status of the Small-scale Industries in Shantou City

目的了解汕头市小工业职业卫生服务的现况。方法采用专门制作的调查表,由经过技术培训的专业人员,按照统一方法和统一标准逐厂开展社区职业卫生服务现况调查。结果当地小工业企业中有96·3%的企业接触职业有害因素,但接受职业有害因素浓度监测的企业仅有一家。职工接触的职业有害因素以有机溶剂、粉尘和噪声、刺激性气体、金属毒物为主。73·0%的工人采取了保护措施。小工业企业提供防护设施的情况为:32·3%的工人可获得个人防护用品,49·1%的工人工作环境安装了防护设施,15·9%的工人所在工作环境没有安装任何防护设施。目前企业职工劳保医疗费用以社会保险、企业部分报销、企业全部报销为主。在27家小工业企业中没有一家企业配备卫生人员,职工愿意接受职业卫生监督与检查与职业卫生知识培训的人分别占91·5%、89·4%。有52·3%的职工从未接受过(职业病防治法)培训,74·1%的小工业企业开展了有害因素接触者的就业前体检;85·2%的小工业企业中开展了有害因素接触者的定期体检;59·3%的小工业企业中实施了预防性监督。职工希望接受的职业卫生服务方式以专业机构服务、社区卫生机构服务为主。结论目前汕头市小工业社区卫生服务现况不容乐观,缺乏必要的服务内容,有必要建立“小工业”社区职业卫生服务机构,为小工业企业提供科学的、标准化的、合理的职业卫生服务。

Objective To understand the requirements of small - scale industries on the occupational health services. Methods All the subjects were interviewed with a questionnaire by specially trained professional person in a standardized way during December 2004. Results 96. 3% small - scale industries had the occupational hazard factors in the working spot, but only one industry accepted the concentration surveillance of occupational hazard substances among the 27 small - scale industries. The occupational main hazard substances that the subjects contacted were organic solvent, productive dust and noise, irritant gas, metal poison. 73.0% of subjects took some protective measures. 32.3% of subjects could get the personal defending things, 49. 1% of subjects worked in the spot that set some defending equipment, and 15.9% of subjects worked in the spot that didnt set the defending equipment. The main resolving forms of the subject＇s medical cost were social insurance, partly reimbursement by the industry, all reimbursement by the industry. 91.5% of subjects will accept the supervising and check - up of occupational health, 89. 4% of subjects will accept the training of occupational health knowledge. 51.4% of subjects hoped to get the occupational health service by the professional organization, and 44.5% of subjects hoped to get by community health organization. Conclusion The current status of community occupational service in the small - scale industries was not good in this investigation, and lacked of the basic occupational health services, which should be settled urgently. It is necessary for one scientific, normative and reasonable way to further small - industry occupational health service should be established.