士与官僚的合流:宋代士大夫文官政治的确立

Combination of scholars and bureaucracy: the establishment of the scholar-officer's civilian polity in the Song Dynasty

在我国历史上,虽然自皇权-官僚政治体制诞生之日起就开始了士与官僚相结合的进程,并由此出现了中国历史上的士大夫政治形态,但士大夫政治形态的最终确立,却是在宋代完成的。宋代士大夫文官政治的确立,不仅改变了自汉代以来主要代表世族门阀阶层利益的政权性质,扩大了统治基础,而且在很大程度上提高了官僚集团的整体文化素质,有利于社会文化事业的发展和进步。

In Chinese history, the progress of the combination between scholars and bureaucracy has started since the day when the political system of imperial power and bureaucracy was born. But the final establishment of scholar- officer＇s polity was completed in the Song Dynasty. This establishment not only changed the character of regime which stands for the benefit of powerful stratum since the Han Dynasty, but also raised cultural quality of the whole bureaucracy group to a large extent, and was consequently beneficial to the development and progress of the cause of social culture.