日本三大都市圈快速轻轨交通网的形成与发展

The Development of LRT of Three Metropolitan Areas in Japan

三大都市圈的快速轻轨交通以快速、高效而闻名于世。快速轻轨交通的建设为现代化 城市交通的发展奠定了良好的基础，对于东京、大阪、名古屋三大都市圈的形成与发展起到了积 极的促进作用。日本三大都市圈的快速轻轨交通的建设始于19世纪末期，到20世纪20年代， 日本三大都市圈的快速轻轨交通网的骨架基本形成。在快速轻轨交通的建设中，日本政府、城 市地方政府的主导作用以及民营资本的积极参与都起到了重要作用。第二次世界大战以后通 过不断地对原有线路进行改造和新线的建设，使得三大都市圈的快速轻轨交通网日趋完善。随 着三大都市圈城市地域结构的变化，三大都市圈快速轻轨交通的建设重点由路网的全面改造转 移到提高主要线路的功能方面。其中，对临海、内陆工业区与城市中心地区的联络线路和居住、 教育文化机构聚集的郊区新城与城市中心地区的联络线路的改造和新建成为日本三大都市圈 快速轻轨交通发展的重点。

The LRT of three Metropolitan Areas in Japan is famous for its high speed and efficiency in the world. The construction of LRT establishes the good base for the development of modem urban traffic and gives active effect to the formation and development of Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya metropolitan areas. The construction of LRT of three metropolitan areas in Japan started at the end of 19th century and its frame formed basically in 1920s. The leading effect of Japanese government, urban local government and the active participation of nongovemment business capital play an important role in the construction of LRT. By the continuous reconstruction of inherent routes and the construction of new routes after the second world war, the LRT network of three metropolitan areas has been consummated little by little. With the change of urban regional structure of three metropolitan areas, the constructing emphasis of the LRT of three metropolitan areas is shifted from the all - around reconstruction of route network to the promotion of function of main routes. And it is the emphasis of development of LRT of three metropolitan areas in Japan to reconstruct and rebuild the connecting routes between the coastal or inland industrial parks and the urban center district and the connecting routes between the suburb new cities which the organizations of habitation, education and culture get togather in the urban center district.