工艺和生产方式(PPMs)对国际贸易的影响和对策

The Impacts of Processes and Production Methods on World Trade and Countermeasures

WTO 成员方是否能以保护环境为由，对通过污染型工艺和方式生产的产品在进口时采 取限制或禁止措施，这是国际贸易与环境领域关注的焦点。本文对工艺和生产方式相关的概 念、边境贸易措施、WTO/GATT 规则及其发展趋势等作了深入研究和探讨，分析了 PPMs 措施扩 大应用的可能性及对发展中国家的影响，并提出了应对措施建议。

It has been a major concern in the world trade and environment regime that whether WTO members can apply border restriction measures under environmental protection ground, to those products produced in a comparatively polluting way. The paper looks depth into the concept of PPMs, related trade measures, and WTO/GATI＂ rules, and makes conclusion that the potential expanding application of PPMs related trade measures will impose significant impacts on world trade, especially on products from developing countries. Therefore, developing countries should clearly aware such changes and take more active countermeasures.