从反帝国主义到自由国际主义——1898-1918年美国民主党的外交思想

From Anti-Imperialism to Liberal Internationalism

1898年美西战争至1918年第一次世界大战结束,是美国对外关系发展的转折时期。结束传统的孤立主义,广泛地参与世界事务,成为美国对外关系的重心。如何进行?国内争论纷纭。从布莱恩的反帝国主义开始,到威尔逊的十四点和平计划提出,美国民主党逐渐形成了以自由主义为理论基础,以反帝国主义为主线,以民主、和平的国际社会为理想,以美国领导为核心的自由国际主义思想。尽管在当时的历史条件下,由于各种各样的原因,布莱恩的反帝国主义和威尔逊的和平计划都在政治竞争中处于劣势,但纵贯20世纪美国的外交政策史,民主党的自由国际主义思想奠定了现代美国外交政策的基本框架。

From the war between America and Spain in 1898 to the end of the First World War in 1918, it was the important time of the development of American foreign relations. To end the traditional Isolationism and take part in the world affairs broadly was the core of American foreign relations. How to come true？ It was argued heatedly in the Domestic. Beginning from the Bryan＇s Anti-imperialism to the Wilson＇ s ＂Fourteen Points＂, The Democrat foreign thoughts developed increasingly, during which the Liberalism was the base, Anti-imperialism was the main clause. A democratic and peaceful international society was the ideal and American leading was the key. Although under that time, because of all kinds of reasons, Bryan＇s Anti-imperialism and Wilson＇s peaceful plan were failed in the domestic political struggle, viewing the history of American foreign policy during the 20 century, the Democrat＇ s Liberal-internationalism constructed the structure of modern American foreign policy.