红壤旱地不同覆盖方式对玉米产量及生态经济效益的影响

Effect of Different Mulching Models on Coin Yield and Ecological and Economical Efficiency in Upland Red Soil

干旱严重制约了红壤旱地的开发利用.为减轻干旱对农业生产的影响,实现红壤旱地作物生产的可持续发展,作者于2004年7-10月对红壤旱地玉米进行了不同覆盖方式效益的比较试验.结果表明,覆盖种植有利于蓄水保墒,改善土壤物理性状,培肥地力,为玉米生长创造了良好的生态环境,有利于增产增收;特别是秸秆覆盖,在高温干旱季节可以降低土壤温度0.9℃,提高土壤含水量0.36%～1.96%,使土壤保持较高的含水量,其抗旱效果更佳.而地膜覆盖可提高土壤含水量0.59%～2.94%,提高0 cm土壤温度2.8℃,但温度过高不利于玉米生长,再加上地膜消耗,增产增收效应不明显,因此,地膜覆盖在高温的夏季不宜采用.

the exploitation of upland of red soil has been restricted by drought. In order to decreasing it＇s effect on agricultural production, and to achieve sustainable development of crop production in upland of red soil, the author did an experiment about efficiency of different mulching models on Maize in upland red soil. The result was, mulching could hold soil water, improve soil physics characters and fertility conditions, which is good for Maize to grow,and it increased the yield and revenue. Especially, stalk mulching could decrease soil temperature by 0.9 ℃ and increase soil water by 0.36 % to 1.96 %, it was a better measure, And film mulching increased soil water by 0.59 % to 2.94 %, but it also enhanced soil temperature in summer by 2.8℃, which is bad for crop＇s growth, so it could not increase the yield and revenue obviously, it is incompatible in high-temperature summer.